Fiber Couplers

An optical fiber coupler is a core passive optical component that requires no power supply. It splits and combines optical signals through evanescent field coupling between fibers, and its ports are bidirectional. The mainstream manufacturing process is fused biconical tapering (FBT), in which multiple fibers are fused and tapered to form a coupling region, with the splitting ratio customized to requirements. Common configurations include 1×2, 2×2 and 1×4. The component features low insertion loss and high isolation, with a compact structure and strong environmental adaptability. It is mainly divided into standard splitting couplers and WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) couplers: the former is used for splitting in PON broadband and CATV networks, while the latter multiplexes and demultiplexes multi-wavelength signals. Widely used in optical fiber communications, fiber-optic sensing, laser equipment and optical power monitoring, it is a fundamental component for optical network expansion and optical path reuse.